A pioneering research program aiming to optimise steroid use in pregnancy, and minimise potential side effects of excess steroid exposure to both mother and baby, is set to benefit the millions of families worldwide who will have babies born too soon.
The long-standing collaborative Western Australian-based program, involving researchers from the Women and Infants 虎扑电竞 Foundation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, USA, and Tohoku University Hospital, Japan, has sought to investigate the importance of duration and magnitude of steroids exposure to mature the lungs of preterm infants.
Findings published this week in the prestigious medical journal, The American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, have shown that in preterm lambs, high peak drug exposures do not contribute to the effectiveness of antennal steroids. Rather, the duration of low-concentration steroid exposure is key for preterm lung maturation.
Chief Investigator at the University of Western Australia, Associate Professor Matt Kemp, said the findings represent a major breakthrough in the field of obstetrics.
"The use of steroid therapy in pregnancy to rapidly mature the fetal lung, making breathing easier and safer for preterm babies, has been responsible for saving the lives of countless thousands of preterm babies.
"However, steroid use in pregnancy has never been optimised, meaning that since the 1970s a 50kg woman early in pregnancy is given the same dose of steroids as a 100kg woman close to term.
"Our study has shown, for the first time ever, that it may be possible to achieve maturation of the preterm lung equivalent to that given by current treatments using approximately 70 per cent less drug.
"Given the strong link between excess fetal steroid exposure and growth restriction, and the global use of this drug, these results have the potential to greatly impact the field of antenatal medicine."
Assoc Prof Kemp said that as equally exciting as the research outcomes, was the international collaborative element of the study with the consortium boasting scientists and doctors in Perth, Cincinnati (USA) and Sendai (Japan).
Chief Scientific Director of the Women and Infants 虎扑电竞 Foundation, Professor John Newnham said the findings represent a clear pathway to optimising health outcomes in cases where preterm birth is inevitable.
"The lungs of extreme premature babies are often too structurally and functionally under-developed for the baby to breathe easily, and those born at the earliest gestational ages may suffer from severe and life-long problems such as cerebral palsy, developmental delay or blindness," he said.
"Because steroids are powerful drugs that target many organs, some researchers have become concerned about potential side-effects of excess steroid exposure on both mother and the unborn baby.
"This work to determine the lowest possible dose of antenatal steroids to mature the fetal lung underscores the need to develop a far-reaching optimised steroid dosing regimen that can improve both the efficacy and safety of antenatal steroid treatment," Prof Newnham said.
This work has been supported by GlaxoSmithKline-Save the Children, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Chanel 7 Telethon Trust and the Women and Infant 虎扑电竞 Foundation.
- Publication Details:
Title: The efficacy of antenatal steroid therapy is dependent on the duration of low-concentration fetal exposure: Evidence from a sheep model of pregnancy
Authors: Matthew W. Kemp, Masatoshi Saito, Haruo Usuda, Shimpei Watanabe, Shinichi Sato, Takushi Hanita, Yusaku Kumagai, Timothy J. Molloy, Michael Clarke, Peter J. Eddershaw, Gabrielle C. Musk, Augusto Schmidt, Demelza Ireland, Lucy Furfaro, Matthew S. Payne, John P. Newnham, Alan H. Jobe
Journal: The American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.05.007
For enquiries about this research:
Masatoshi Saito
Email: masatoshi.saito.b4@tohoku.ac.jp
Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine
Tohoku University Hospital
Media contact:
Richie Hodgson
Women and Infants 虎扑电竞 Foundation
Email: richie@wirf.com.au